Bhagavad-gita Reader for Students of Sanskrit, Chapter 1, Verse 1: Text and Vocabulary

Bhagavad-gita Chapter 1, Verse 1: The Invocation

(+sandhi)   धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
(-sandhi)   धृतराष्ट्रः उवाच ।
(translit)   dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca ।
(tr/eswo)   Dhritarashtra spoke:
(tr/engl)   Dhritarashtra spoke:

Bhagavad-gita Chapter 1, Verse 1: The Text

(+sandhi)   धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे
(-sandhi)   धर्म-क्षेत्रे कुरु-क्षेत्रे
(translit)   dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre
(tr/eswo)   inˍtheˍdharma-field inˍtheˍkuru-field
(tr/engl)   in the field of religious sacrifice at Kurukshetra

(+sandhi)   समवेता युयुत्सवः ।
(-sandhi)   समवेताः युयुत्सवः ।
(translit)   samavetāḥ yuyutsavaḥ ।
(tr/eswo)   together-gathered, wishing to fight,
(tr/engl)   gathered together, wishing to fight,

(+sandhi)   मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव
(-sandhi)   मामकाः पाण्डवाः च एव
(translit)   māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ ca eva
(tr/eswo)   my [sons] theˍPandavas and certainly,
(tr/engl)   my sons and surely the Pandavas,

(+sandhi)   किं अकुर्वत सञ्जय ।
(-sandhi)   किम् अकुर्वत सञ्जय ।
(translit)   kim akurvata sañjaya ।
(tr/eswo)   what theyˍdid, Sanjaya?
(tr/engl)   what did they do, Sanjaya?

VOCABULARY

धृतराष्ट्रः dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ — Dhritarashtra, the blind king of the Kuru royal family (noun: masc. nom. sg. of ⊥dhṛtarāṣṭra); [word study: dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ]

उवाच uvāca — spoke (verb: 3p. sg. impf. of √vac)

धर्म-क्षेत्रे dharma-kṣetre — in the dharma-field, i.e. in the field of religious sacrifice (compound: neut. loc. sg. of ⊥dharma-kṣetra) [word study: dharma-kṣetre]

कुरुक्षेत्रे kuru-kṣetre — in the kuru-field, i.e. at Kurukshetra (compound and proper name: neut. loc. sg. of ⊥kuru-kṣetra) [word study: kuru-kṣetre]

समवेताः samavetāḥ  — gathered together (participle: masc. nom. pl. past pass. ptcpl. of sam-ava-√i)

युयुत्सवः yuyutsavaḥ — wishing to fight (adjective: masc. nom. pl. of desiderative form of √yudh)

मामकाः māmakāḥ — my (possessive pronominal adjective: masc. nom. pl. of ⊥māmaka)

पाण्डवाः pāṇḍavāḥ — the Pandavas, the five sons of Pandu (noun: masc. nom. pl. of ⊥pāṇḍava)

च ca — and (conjunction, indeclinable)

एव eva — certainly, surely (particle, indeclinable)

किम् kim — what (interrogative pronoun, indeclinable)

अकुर्वत akurvata — they did (verb: 3p. pl. impf. mid. of √kṛ)

सञ्जय sañjaya — Sanjaya (proper name: masc. voc. sg. of ⊥sañjaya)

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First published: 2 Mar 2013
Last revised: 3 Mar 2013